Marcelo & Josh help Rob with some key points involved with Under-Hook Passing: When attempting to pass your opponent's guard with an Under-Hook in Nogi, it is important to properly align your upper-body such that your head is deposited above their far-shoulder; this positioning of your torso relative to your opponent's will in effect allow you to apply a strong Cross-Face pressure against their head and help keep them flat on the mat. If it is early in a match, sometimes one can take advantage of friction and cheat an angle slightly off to the side, thereby passing with a more gi-conventional approach concentrating on the near-side arm and placing one's on the opposite side. If your opponent is flattened but begins transitioning for an improvement in their guard, e.g. switching to a Half-Butterfly, it is of vital importance to lock strongly around your opponent's head and arm with the Under-Hook & Cross-Face combination in order to stifle their progress; conversely, if your opponent decides to hold a Flat-Half Position against your leg, e.g. Lock-Down, you can begin opening up your upper-body control to accomodate your movement. When knocking your opponent flat from an upright, Seated-Guard Position, seek to implement your chest against their head along with your Under-Hook to help maintain top position during the rest of your pass.